Strategies are on one end of the organizational decisions spectrum while tactics lie on the other end.
Carl Von Calusewitz, a Prussian army general and military scientist defines military strategy as making use of battles in the furtherance of the war and the tactics as "the use of armed forces in battle". A few points of distinction between the two are:
1) Strategy determines the major plans to be undertaken while tactics is the means by which previously determined plans are executed.
2) The basic goal of strategy according to military science is to break the will of the army, deprive the enemy of the means to fight, occupy his territory, destroy or obtain control of his resources or make him surrender. The goal of tactics is to achieve success in a given action and this forms one part of a group related to military action.
3) Tactics decisions can be delegated to all the levels of an organization while strategic decisions cannot be delegated too low in the organization. The authority is not delegated below the levels than those which possess the perspective required for taking decisions effectively.
4) Strategy is formulated in both a continuous as well as irregular manner. The decisions are taken on the basis of opportunities, new ideas etc. Tactics is determined on a periodic basis by various organizations. A fixed time table may be made for the following tactics.
5) Strategy has a long term perspective and occasionally it may have a short term duration. This the time horizon in terms of strategy is flexible but in case of tactics its is short run and definite.
6) The decisions taken as part of strategy formulation and implementation have a high element of uncertainty and are under the conditions of partial ignorance. In contrast tactical decisions are more certain as they work upon the framework set by the strategy. So the evaluation of strategy is difficult than the evaluation of tactics.
7) Since an attempt is made in strategy to relate the organization with its environment, the requirement of information is more than that required in tactics. Tactics use information available internally in the organization.
8) The formulation of strategy is affected considerable by the personal values of the person involved in the process but the same is no the case in tactics implementation.
Carl Von Calusewitz, a Prussian army general and military scientist defines military strategy as making use of battles in the furtherance of the war and the tactics as "the use of armed forces in battle". A few points of distinction between the two are:
1) Strategy determines the major plans to be undertaken while tactics is the means by which previously determined plans are executed.
2) The basic goal of strategy according to military science is to break the will of the army, deprive the enemy of the means to fight, occupy his territory, destroy or obtain control of his resources or make him surrender. The goal of tactics is to achieve success in a given action and this forms one part of a group related to military action.
3) Tactics decisions can be delegated to all the levels of an organization while strategic decisions cannot be delegated too low in the organization. The authority is not delegated below the levels than those which possess the perspective required for taking decisions effectively.
4) Strategy is formulated in both a continuous as well as irregular manner. The decisions are taken on the basis of opportunities, new ideas etc. Tactics is determined on a periodic basis by various organizations. A fixed time table may be made for the following tactics.
5) Strategy has a long term perspective and occasionally it may have a short term duration. This the time horizon in terms of strategy is flexible but in case of tactics its is short run and definite.
6) The decisions taken as part of strategy formulation and implementation have a high element of uncertainty and are under the conditions of partial ignorance. In contrast tactical decisions are more certain as they work upon the framework set by the strategy. So the evaluation of strategy is difficult than the evaluation of tactics.
7) Since an attempt is made in strategy to relate the organization with its environment, the requirement of information is more than that required in tactics. Tactics use information available internally in the organization.
8) The formulation of strategy is affected considerable by the personal values of the person involved in the process but the same is no the case in tactics implementation.
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